Which vision defects are hereditary?

A vision defect, similarly to many other features, may be inherited from our ancestors. In such case it is essential that the diagnosis is established and the correction starts as soon as possible. Early prevention can stop further development of the defect. Which vision defects may be genetically conditioned?

Short-sightedness (myopia) – a refractive error commonly associated with inappropriate working conditions for the eyes – hours spent in front of a computer screen, reading or close-up work in poor light. However, severe short-sightedness is most likely hereditary. If one of the parents has a refractive error of more than - 8.0 dioptres, there is a risk that their children will also develop high myopia. It usually appears around the age of 12 and develops for approximately 8 following years. In children it can be corrected with suitable glasses or contact lenses and over the age of 18 it can be permanently corrected through a laser surgery.

Far-sightedness, also known as hyperopia, is most probably a hereditary refractive error. It is frequently diagnosed in children, often together with esotropia. In its initial stage it is associated with physiological far-sightedness related to the development of the eyeball. As the body physically develops, hyperopia usually regresses, yet it may sometimes progress into a serious vision defect. Therefore, the earlier it is diagnosed, the better. Characteristic symptoms of vision problems in children include: difficulty doing close-up work, e.g. homework, complaining of headaches, concentration problems. If you notice any of the above symptoms, you should consult an ophthalmologist.

Astygmatyzm
The causes of astigmatism have not been fully clarified yet. However, it is probably also inherited from the parents. The underlying mechanism of this refractive error is an inappropriate curvature of the cornea or an irregular shape of the lens. In reality, people who suffer from astigmatism find it difficult to see objects located peripherally, on the side (at an angle), very high or very low. Objects or people in the centre of visual field are seen clearly without difficulty. Astigmatism can be corrected with glasses and contact lenses or through a laser vision correction procedure (conducted over the age of 18).

As we can see, vision defects may be a genetic „gift” from our parents. However, early diagnosis and correction may prevent them from progressing. When the process of physical development of the body is finished (at the age of approximately 18-20), refractive errors (short-sightedness, far-sightedness and astigmatism) may be permanently corrected during a laser vision correction surgery. If you feel any discomfort in your eyes or have recently noticed vision deterioration, make an appointment for a specialist ophthalmologic examination in our Centre.

Wstecz